The Gospel of the Twelve (Greek: τους Δώδεκα Ευαγγελιον), possibly also referred to as the Gospel of the Apostles, is a lost gospel mentioned by Origen in Homilies in Luke as part of a list of heretical works.
Schneemelcher's standard edition of the New Testament Apocrypha states that "On the basis of a wrongly interpreted passage in Jerome (Dial. adv. Pelag. III 2)[1] an abortive attempt was made to link the Gospel of the Twelve with the Gospel of the Hebrews, but the majority of critics today are inclined to identify it with the Gospel of the Ebionites."[2]
This has caused scholars such as Cassels (1874) and Parker (1940) to consider it a different "edition" of Matthew's Gospel of the Hebrews.[3][4] In regard to the "Memoirs of the Apostles," which are referred to some fifteen or twenty times by Justin, as the source of many of his quotations, Arthur Lillie (1882) and Waite Burlingame (1881) contends that Justin meant the Gospel of the Hebrews, as the Gospel of the Hebrews was also known as The Gospel of the Twelve Apostles. This was The Memoirs of the Apostles, referred to by Justin Martyr.[5][6]